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<p>A <b>shuttle roller coaster</b> is any <a href="Roller_coaster" title="Roller coaster">roller coaster</a> that ultimately does not make a complete circuit, but rather reverses at some point throughout its course and traverses the same track backwards. These are sometimes referred to as <b>boomerang roller coasters</b>, due to the ubiquity of <a href="Vekoma" title="Vekoma">Vekoma</a>'s <a href="Boomerang_(roller_coaster)" title="Boomerang (roller coaster)">Boomerang</a> coaster model.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2></div>

<p>The first shuttle coasters were in fact the first roller coasters ever built. Inspired by the so-called "<a href="Russian_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mountains">Russian Mountains</a>," these wheeled cars built on tracks found popularity in the early 19th century in <a href="Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.

</p><p>In 1884, <a href="Switchback_Railway" title="Switchback Railway">Switchback Railway</a> opened at <a href="Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a>, and consisted of a car that traveled on two tracks between two towers. It was the first roller coaster designed as an amusement ride in <a href="United_States" title="United States">America</a>. The next shuttle roller coaster to be built was <a href="Backety-Back_Scenic_Railway" title="Backety-Back Scenic Railway">Backety-Back Scenic Railway</a>, built in 1909.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_launched_shuttle_coasters">First launched shuttle coasters</h2></div>

<p>The first two <a href="Launched_roller_coaster" title="Launched roller coaster">launched</a> shuttle coaster designs were introduced in 1977 by competitors <a href="Arrow_Dynamics" title="Arrow Dynamics">Arrow Development</a> and <a href="Anton_Schwarzkopf" title="Anton Schwarzkopf">Anton Schwarzkopf</a>. Arrow built and opened three that year including Black Widow (now defunct) at <a href="Six_Flags_New_England" title="Six Flags New England">Riverside Park</a>, <a href="Screamin'_Demon_(Kings_Island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Screamin' Demon (Kings Island)">Screamin' Demon</a> (also defunct) at <a href="Kings_Island" title="Kings Island">Kings Island</a>, and <a href="Afterburner_(Fun_Spot)" title="Afterburner (Fun Spot)">Zoomerang</a> at Circus World (now located to Fun Spot Amusement Park & Zoo).<sup id="cite_ref-RC100_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RC100-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arrow's models used an electric motor to launch the train. Anton Schwarzkopf went with a different design using a dropped weight as a launch mechanism. This design was known as the <a href="Shuttle_Loop" title="Shuttle Loop">Shuttle Loop</a>. The first three built by that company were <a href="Katapul" class="mw-redirect" title="Katapul">King Kobra</a> at <a href="Kings_Dominion" title="Kings Dominion">Kings Dominion</a> (now located at Hopi Hari in Brazil), <a href="Gold_Reef_City#Rides_and_attractions" title="Gold Reef City">White Lightnin'</a> at <a href="Carowinds" title="Carowinds">Carowinds</a> (now located at Gold Reef City in South Africa), and Tidal Wave at <a href="California's_Great_America" title="California's Great America">California's Great America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RC100_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RC100-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Schwarzkopf later upgraded its launch mechanism to a flywheel design.<sup id="cite_ref-RC98_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RC98-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first two roller coasters based on this new design were both released in 1978 - <a href="Montezooma's_Revenge" class="mw-redirect" title="Montezooma's Revenge">Montezooma's Revenge</a> at <a href="Knott's_Berry_Farm" title="Knott's Berry Farm">Knott's Berry Farm</a> and <a href="Greezed_Lightnin'_(Cliff's)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greezed Lightnin' (Cliff's)">Greezed Lightnin'</a> at <a href="Six_Flags_AstroWorld" title="Six Flags AstroWorld">Six Flags AstroWorld</a>, currently in storage in Plainview, Texas for <a href="Cliff's_Amusement_Park" title="Cliff's Amusement Park">Cliff's Amusement Park</a> in New Mexico. The first flywheel launched roller coaster that opened in Europe was <a href="Walibi_Belgium#Former_rides" title="Walibi Belgium">Sirocco</a> at <a href="Walibi_Belgium" title="Walibi Belgium">Walibi Wavre</a> in 1982.

</p><p>In 1982, Schwarzkopf debuted variant model "Wiener Loop" at Wiener Prater. Wiener loop use tire propelled launch, pulls to the top and dropping forward through the station, turn right and pass the vertical loop that cross the station, and turn left traveled up opposite side hill, through the curve and loop, into the station.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japanese_shuttle_coasters">Japanese shuttle coasters</h2></div>

<p>In 1979, <a href="Sanoyas_Hishino_Meisho" title="Sanoyas Hishino Meisho">Meisho Amusement Machines</a> debuted "Loop Coaster" at Tojoko Land.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, Meisho debuted an improved model named "Loop the Loop." It was installed at a few amusement parks in Japan, along with a variation on the model, <a href="Moonsault_Scramble" title="Moonsault Scramble">Moonsault Scramble</a>. Meisho's model used a catch car lift, which pulled the train to the top of a spike before dropping it backward through the station into a single vertical loop. The train would then travel up another spike, fall back down, traverse the loop again (this time facing forwards), and enter the station.

</p><p>In 1980, <a href="Senyo_Kogyo" title="Senyo Kogyo">Senyo Kogyo</a> debuted "Atomic Coaster" at <a href="Greenland_(amusement_park)" title="Greenland (amusement park)">Mitsui Greenland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this model was also installed at other amusement parks in Japan. Senyo's model used a chain lift, pulling the train onto a plateau and dropping it back downwards, similar to the Shuttle Loops built by Arrow. The train went through the station, into a loop, and up a spike, before traversing the layout forwards and entering the station.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vekoma's_Boomerang">Vekoma's Boomerang</h2></div>

<p>In 1984, Vekoma debuted its <i><a href="Boomerang_(roller_coaster)" title="Boomerang (roller coaster)">Boomerang</a></i> shuttle coaster, which features a lift hill rather than a launched train. In addition to the original Boomerang, Vekoma also designed the <i><a href="Invertigo_(roller_coaster)" title="Invertigo (roller coaster)">Invertigo</a></i> and the <i><a href="Giant_Inverted_Boomerang" title="Giant Inverted Boomerang">Giant Inverted Boomerang</a></i>. As of 2018, 55 Boomerangs and its variants are currently in operation around the world.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linear_motor_launched_shuttle_coasters">Linear motor launched shuttle coasters</h2></div>

<p>In 1996, <a href="Premier_Rides" title="Premier Rides">Premier Rides</a> debuted the first coasters ever to use <a href="Linear_motor" title="Linear motor">linear induction motors</a>, and in 1997 opened <a href="Batman_%26_Robin%3A_The_Chiller" title="Batman & Robin: The Chiller">Batman & Robin: The Chiller</a> at <a href="Six_Flags_Great_Adventure" title="Six Flags Great Adventure">Six Flags Great Adventure</a>, a pair of dueling launched shuttle coasters.

</p><p><a href="Intamin" title="Intamin">Intamin</a> introduced its <b>reverse freefall coaster</b> in 1997. In these models, the train is accelerated out of the station along a long, level track using linear synchronous motors, rises straight up a vertical tower, then free falls back down to return to the station. Only two reverse freefall coasters were built: <a href="Tower_of_Terror_II" title="Tower of Terror II">Tower of Terror II</a> at <a href="Dreamworld_(Australian_theme_park)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreamworld (Australian theme park)">Dreamworld</a>, and <a href="Superman%3A_Escape_from_Krypton" title="Superman: Escape from Krypton">Superman: Escape from Krypton</a> at <a href="Six_Flags_Magic_Mountain" title="Six Flags Magic Mountain">Six Flags Magic Mountain</a>, both of which first broke the 300 foot and 400 foot barriers. Tower of Terror II, however, was discontinued in 2019.

</p><p>In 1998, <a href="Intamin" title="Intamin">Intamin</a> introduced its first <b><a href="Impulse_roller_coaster" title="Impulse roller coaster">impulse coaster</a></b>, Linear Gale at <a href="Tokyo_Dome_City_Attractions" title="Tokyo Dome City Attractions">Korakuen Amusement Park</a> in Japan, which featured <a href="Inverted_roller_coaster" title="Inverted roller coaster">inverted</a> trains traversing two vertical towers. In 2000, Intamin introduced <a href="Steel_Venom_(Geauga_Lake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel Venom (Geauga Lake)">Superman Ultimate Escape</a> with a spiral tower and one vertical tower. Intamin introduced <a href="Wicked_Twister" title="Wicked Twister">Wicked Twister</a> in 2002, a variation with two spiral towers. With each pass through the station the train accelerates faster and travels further up the towers.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_shuttle_coasters">Modern shuttle coasters</h2></div>

<p>The first modern wooden shuttle coaster, Switchback, opened at <a href="ZDT's_Amusement_Park" title="ZDT's Amusement Park">ZDT's Amusement Park</a> in 2015. Manufactured by <a href="The_Gravity_Group" title="The Gravity Group">The Gravity Group</a>, the ride utilizes a traditional lift hill like most wooden coasters but ends on a tower before traversing the course backwards and returning to the station via a switch track.

</p><p>Vekoma introduced their <b>Super Boomerang</b> model in 2023, which utilizes a vertical lift and rotating platform to drop riders through four inversions and ten airtime moments.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Shuttle_Loop" title="Shuttle Loop">Shuttle Loop</a> — shuttle coasters manufactured by Schwarzkopf</li>

<li><a href="Launched_roller_coaster" title="Launched roller coaster">Launched roller coaster</a> — shuttle and non-shuttle coasters by various manufacturers</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFScheinin2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Scheinin, Lisa (2007). "100 Moments in Roller Coaster History: The First Launched Coasters — 1977". <i>RollerCoaster! Magazine</i>. Vol. 28, no. 2. pp. <span class="nowrap">20–</span>21. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0896-7261">0896-7261</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-RC98-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RC98_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRutherford2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Rutherford, Scott (2006). "A Century of Steel Roller Coasters: Schwarzkopf". <i>RollerCoaster! Magazine</i>. Vol. 27, no. 4. p. 9. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0896-7261">0896-7261</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcdb.com/6574.htm">Bullet-Selva Mágica</a> - RCDB</span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19790815p.pdf">"国産初の往復「ザ・ループ」東条湖ランドに明昌特殊産業が"</a> [Meisho Amusement Machines launches first domestic shuttle roller coaster "The Loop" at Tojoko Land] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Japanese). Game Machine. August 15, 1979<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19800315p.pdf">"アトミック運転開始泉陽初の宙返りコースター、三井で国内では三番手"</a> ["Atomic" start operation Senyo's first loop coaster at Mitsui, The third loop coaster company in Japan] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Japanese). Game Machine. 1980-03-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inparkmagazine.com/worlds-first-vekoma-super-boomerang-multi-launches-at-xuzhou-fantawild-wonderland/">"World's first Vekoma Super Boomerang multi-launches at Xuzhou Fantawild Wonderland"</a>. <i>InPark Magazine</i>. 2023-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-25</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shuttle_roller_coasters" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Shuttle roller coasters">Shuttle roller coasters</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090411191629/http://www.rcdb.com/ir.htm?category=115">"Listing of shuttle roller coasters"</a>. <i><a href="Roller_Coaster_DataBase" title="Roller Coaster DataBase">RCDB</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcdb.com/ir.htm?category=115">the original</a> on 2009-04-11.</cite></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transstudioworld.net/video-yamaha-racing-coaster-trans-studio-bandung/">Yamaha Racing Coaster</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015020750/http://transstudioworld.net/video-yamaha-racing-coaster-trans-studio-bandung/">Archived</a> 2012-10-15 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Types_of_roller_coaster79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="Roller_coaster" title="Roller coaster">roller coaster</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Construction material</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Steel_roller_coaster" title="Steel roller coaster">Steel</a></li>

<li><a href="Wooden_roller_coaster" title="Wooden roller coaster">Wooden</a></li>

<li><a href="Hybrid_roller_coaster" title="Hybrid roller coaster">Hybrid</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Train configuration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fourth-dimension_roller_coaster" title="Fourth-dimension roller coaster">Fourth dimension</a></li>

<li><a href="Bobsled_roller_coaster" title="Bobsled roller coaster">Bobsled</a></li>

<li><a href="Floorless_Coaster" title="Floorless Coaster">Floorless</a></li>

<li><a href="Flying_roller_coaster" title="Flying roller coaster">Flying</a></li>

<li><a href="Inverted_roller_coaster" title="Inverted roller coaster">Inverted</a></li>

<li><a href="Mine_train_roller_coaster" title="Mine train roller coaster">Mine train</a></li>

<li><a href="Motorbike_roller_coaster" title="Motorbike roller coaster">Motorbike</a></li>

<li><a href="Pipeline_roller_coaster" title="Pipeline roller coaster">Pipeline</a></li>

<li><a href="Powered_roller_coaster" title="Powered roller coaster">Powered</a></li>

<li><a href="Side_friction_roller_coaster" title="Side friction roller coaster">Side friction</a></li>

<li><a href="Spinning_roller_coaster" title="Spinning roller coaster">Spinning</a></li>

<li><a href="Stand-up_roller_coaster" title="Stand-up roller coaster">Stand-up</a></li>

<li><a href="Steeplechase_roller_coaster" title="Steeplechase roller coaster">Steeplechase</a></li>

<li><a href="Suspended_roller_coaster" title="Suspended roller coaster">Suspended</a></li>

<li><a href="Summer_toboggan" title="Summer toboggan">Summer toboggan</a></li>

<li><a href="Virginia_Reel_roller_coaster" title="Virginia Reel roller coaster">Virginia Reel</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_coaster_(roller_coaster)" title="Water coaster (roller coaster)">Water</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Track layout</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Boomerang_(roller_coaster)" title="Boomerang (roller coaster)">Boomerang</a></li>

<li><a href="Dual-tracked_roller_coaster" title="Dual-tracked roller coaster">Dual-tracked</a></li>

<li><a href="Figure_8_roller_coaster" title="Figure 8 roller coaster">Figure 8</a></li>

<li><a href="Launched_roller_coaster" title="Launched roller coaster">Launched</a></li>

<li><a href="Terrain_roller_coaster" title="Terrain roller coaster">Terrain</a></li>

<li><a href="Twister_roller_coaster" title="Twister roller coaster">Twister</a></li>

<li><a href="Wild_mouse" title="Wild mouse">Wild mouse</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-02-03" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Shuttle_roller_coaster&oldid=1273707298">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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